2021中考复习：人教版初中化学《第6单元 碳和碳的氧化物》单元测试基础卷（解析版）
【内容简介】一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分）1、下列有关金刚石、石墨的说法正确的是( )A.都是由碳元素组成 B.都是黑色固体 C.都能导电 D.硬度都很大【答案】A【解析】A.金钢石和石墨都由碳元素组成，A 正确；B、自然状态下金钢石是透明正面体晶体，石墨是黑色有金属光泽固体，B 错误；C石墨导电，金钢石不导电，C 错误；D金钢石硬度大，石墨质软，D 错误； 故选A。2、金刚石、石墨、C60物理性质有很大差异的原因是（ ）A．原子种类不同 B．原子大小不同 C．原子排列方式不同 D．原子数目不同【答案】C【解析】金刚石、石墨、C60均是由碳原子构成的固态非金属单质，但是由于金刚石、石墨、C60中碳原子的排列方式不同造成了金刚石、石墨、C60物理性质具有很大差异。故选C。3、下列关于碳单质的用途及原因分析的描述不正确的是（ ）用途原因分析A石墨可用作电极石墨可导电B金刚石可用来刻画玻璃金刚石硬度很大C活性炭可用于消毒面具活性炭具有吸附性D焦炭用于冶金工业碳具有氧化性A．A B．B C．C D．D【答案】D【解析】A．石墨具有导电性，可以用石墨来制电极，故正确；B．金刚石是自然界中硬度最大的矿物，所以可用金刚石来刻画玻璃，故正确；C．活性炭具有很强的吸附性，可用来吸附有毒气体，故正确；D．碳具有还原性，故可用焦炭来冶炼金属，故错误。......
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