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沪教版初中化学《第六章 溶解现象》基本知识点总结

作者：czhxzx  人气： 1950 次  时间：2011年12月28日  星级：

1．溶液：一种或几种物质分散到另一种物质里形成均一的、稳定的混合物。
   溶液的特点：均一、稳定、透明、混合物
2．溶质：被溶解的物质。可以是固体、液体或气体
   溶剂：能溶解其它物质的物质。水是常用的溶剂。
   酒精、汽油也是溶剂，通常量多的为溶剂
3．盐酸溶质是：氯化氢（HCl）   溶剂是水
   氨水溶质是：氨气（NH3）      溶剂是水
   碘酒溶质是：碘（I2）         溶剂是酒精
4．悬浊液和乳浊液区别是分散的物质分别是固体和液体，相同是均不溶于水。
   悬浊液如泥沙水、乳浊液如：食用油溶于水
5．洗涤剂（洗衣粉、肥皂）通过乳化作用去油污，形成乳浊液。  洗涤剂称为乳化剂。
6．溶于水温度升高有：氢氧化钠（NaOH）、浓硫酸（H2SO4）
   溶于水温度降低有：硝酸铵（NH4NO3）氯化铵（NH4Cl）
.................

 

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