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河北省承德县三沟初级中学化学《10.2中和反应》复习笔记（人教版九年级下册）

作者：河北省承德县三沟初级中学  人气： 690 次  时间：2015年04月20日  星级：

河北省承德县三沟初级中学化学《10.2中和反应》复习笔记（人教版九年级下册）
 定义：酸和碱作用生成盐和水的反应。
配平时要注意H2O的化学计量数。如：2NaOH+H2SO4=Na2SO4+2H2O
 强酸和强碱反应，一般没有明显的实验现象（沉淀、气泡、不溶物溶解消失、溶液颜色变化），所以为了观察反应是否发生，需要借助酸碱指示剂。
如NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O，反应的时候要进行以下操作：
① 在烧杯中加入氢氧化钠溶液；
② 滴入几滴酚酞溶液；
③ 用滴管慢慢地滴入稀盐酸，并不断用玻璃棒搅拌（如果容器是试管，就直接振荡）；
④ 溶液由红色刚刚褪成无色时，说明氢氧化钠和盐酸恰好完全反应。
（注意是先加碱溶液，再加指示剂，然后才加酸）
 做上述实验时，如果在实验过程中忘加酚酞，在实验结束后再加酚酞溶液，发现酚酞不变色，会有两种情况：酸碱恰好完全反应或者酸过量。这时加入碳酸钙固体，如果有气泡产生，说明酸过量；如果没有气泡产生，说明恰好完全反应。
 虽然不能用酚酞溶液鉴别酸性溶液和中性溶液，但借助一种碱溶液，就能将酸

 

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